From the parallel Latin-English critical edition of the “Chronica Polonorum” .by Darius von Güttner-Sporzyński. A part of the NCN-financed project “Kronika polska” biskupa krakowskiego Wincentego zwanego Kadłubkiem. Pierwsze wydanie krytyczne łacińsko-angielskie. [Project No. 2022/47/B/HS3/00931]

A brief overview of each section in Chapter 1:

Section 2: Matthew recounts the wisdom of the ancients and the valiant deeds of their ancestors, who extended their territory and imposed tributes on conquered nations, like the Danes. John comments on the preference for honour over wealth, narrating the story of Canute’s grandson’s vengeance on his people.

Section 1: This section reflects on the virtuous past of the realm, emphasizing the rule of hereditary princes and the brilliance of their deeds, overshadowed by a cloud of ignorance yet still radiant. The dialogue between John and Matthew begins, pondering the origins of their constitution and realm.

Section 3: The narrative shifts to the Gauls’ conquests and their eventual downfall due to decadence and internal treachery. Matthew notes how the Gauls’ victories led to their eventual subjugation by the indigenous populations.

Section 4: John corroborates Matthew’s account with historical references, discussing the migration and conquests of the Gauls, and reflecting on the inevitability of conflict and the transient nature of power.

Section 5: Matthew speaks of Gracchus’s rise to power through eloquence and vision, outlining his metaphorical depiction of kingship and his establishment of a just civic order, contrasting past freedom and justice with the new era inaugurated by Gracchus.

Section 6: John reflects on the tragic end of Gracchus’s lineage, exploring themes of ambition, its pitfalls, and the moral that those who craft death often meet their end by the same means.

Section 7: Matthew recounts the establishment of Graccovia in honour of Gracchus, the elevation of his daughter Wanda to the throne, and her extraordinary qualities that led to a peaceful resolution of conflicts.

Section 8: John discusses the role of women in leadership, citing the example of Samiramis and noting the comparative rarity of such occurrences, along with the societal response to female rulers.

Section 9: Matthew describes how leaders of humble origins were respected in their country, recounting an incident where Polish leaders cunningly responded to Alexander’s demands for tribute.

Section 10: John narrates the interaction between Alexander and Aristotle regarding the conquest of Poland, reflecting on the nature of triumph and disgrace.

Section 11: Matthew introduces Lestek, celebrated for his shrewdness in saving the homeland and later being honoured as a ruler.

Section 12: John discusses the virtue of humility in leadership, illustrating with examples of leaders of low birth who rose to prominence due to their virtues.

Section 13: Matthew narrates a complex story of succession to the Polish throne, involving cunning, deceit, and a surprising outcome in the choice of a new king.

Section 14: John reflects on the nature of cunning and its consequences, discussing how virtues can be hidden under simplicity and the paradox of achieving dignity.

Section 15: Matthew describes Lestek II’s reign, focusing on his bravery, generosity, and humility, and his unique way of honouring his humble origins even as a king.

Section 16: John delves into the symbolism and rituals that remind kings of their mortality and the transient nature of power.

Section 17: Matthew narrates the achievements of Lestek III, his battles against Roman leaders, and his influence extending into various territories.

Section 18: John muses on the rarity of harmony among siblings in ruling families, using the example of Erotimus and his many sons to contrast with the discord among Polish rulers.

Section 19: Matthew reveals the downfall of Pompilius II, describing his tyrannical rule and the manipulative influence of his wife, culminating in a tragic end.

Section 20: John concludes with reflections on the consequences of arrogance and misrule, using historical and mythical examples to illustrate the downfall of tyrants.